ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ‘’ⴷⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ’’

ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ‘’ⴷⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ’’

ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⵏⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴷⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ( ⵙⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ) ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ.

ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵇⵙⴰ ⴷⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⵍⵉⵜ ⵎⴰⵅⵅ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⴱⵖⵔⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵏⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵙ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴽⴰⴷ: ‘’ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵓⵔⵉⵖ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵥⵥⵉⴹⵕⵖ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵏⵎⵎⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵅⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵍⵙⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵜ ⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ, ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵉⴷⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⴽⵜⴰⵢ, ⴷⴰ ⵙⴽⵉⵔⴽⵉⵙⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵃⴹⴹⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔⵉ ⵏⴽⴽⵉ, ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵉⵙⵎⴷⵏ, ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⴽⴰ ⴼⵙⵙⴰⵖ.

ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ.

ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⴰⴳ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ, ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⴰⴳ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ, ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵓ ⵎⵃⵎⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ‘’ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷⵕⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏ’’ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ, ‘’ ⵡⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷⵕⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏ ⵓ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ’’ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⵉⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷⵕⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏ ⵓ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵓⵙ. ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵚⵚⴰⵍⵉⵃⵉⵏ ⵏ ‘’ⵓⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵊⵊⴰⵏ’’ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ‘’ⵜⵥⵕⵡⴰⵍⵜ’’ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ‘’ ⵄⵉⵏ ⵟⵟⵍⴱⴰ’’ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ ‘’ ⵇⴰⵚⵕ ⴱⵓⵄⴰⵎⵕ’’ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ, ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵜ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ.

ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⴷ ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ‘’ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷⵕⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏ ⵓ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ’’ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ … ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ‘’ ⵎⵃⵏⴷ’’ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵙ ⵎⴷⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴽⵔⵏ ⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵓⵃⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ, ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⴼⵍⵏ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ ⴳ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵕⵥⵓⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⵊⵍ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵜⵙⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ.

ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴱⴷⴰⵔⵏ, ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ‘’ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ’’ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵡⴰⵍⵜ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵄⵄⵓⵔⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⴳⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵙⵉⴳⵣⵏ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ (…) ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⴰⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴼⵍⴰⵙ. ⵉⴼⵍ ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵉⵡⵉⵔⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ: ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵕⴰⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ.

ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵍ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ

ⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵍⵉ, ⴳ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵉⴼⵏⵉ, ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⴰⴳ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⴱⵏⵄⵎⴰⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ‘’ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵙⵏⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵉⵎ’’ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⵙ ‘’ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵄⵎⵕ’’ ⵏⵉⵖ ‘’ ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ’’. ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵥⵕⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1947 ⴽⴰⴷ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ, ⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎ, ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⴼⵔⵅⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵅⵉⵏ.

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵃⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵕⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⴼⵜⵜⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⵎⴷⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ. ⵉⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⵓⵔⴱⴰ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ, ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ ⵟⵟⵍⴱⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴼ ⵢⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ: ‘’ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵄⵎⵎⵉ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⴰⴳⴳⴰⴳ ⵏ ‘’ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⴱⴷⵕⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏ’’ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵉⵢⵉ ⴷⵉⵙ – ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰ – ⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵖ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵙⴰ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵙ ‘’ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵔ’’ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴽⵯⵜⵜⵉⵖ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵏⵓⴼⴰ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵢⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵖ ⴽⵯⵜⵉⵖ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1955 ⵏⵉⵖ 1956, ⵏⴱⴱⵉ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵙ ‘’ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⴱⵓⵄⴱⴷⵍⵉ’’ ⵏⵡⴰⵜⵙ ‘’ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵔ’’ ⵏⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓ ⵜⴰⵢⵡⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴽⴽ ⵜⵏⵢⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ’’.

ⵉⵎⵔⵔⵜ ⵓⵔⴱⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵢⵜⵉ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵄⵎⵎⵉⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴱⴹⵓ ⴷ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴷⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ: ‘’ ⴷⴷⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⵕⵥⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⵊⵍ ⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵜⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ, ⴷ ⵓⵖⵏⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴼⵍⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓ, ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵥⵕⵉⵖ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵣⴷⵖⴻⵖ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴽⵯⵜⵉⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ (ⴰⵣⵢⵢⵏ) ⴷⴰ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵣⵢⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴽⴽⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ, ⴷⴰⵔⵉ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ … ⴰⴳⴳⴰⴳⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⵉⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴽⵕⴹⵉ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ, ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴹⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵏⴽⴽⵔⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴹ ⴰⴷ ⵃⵙⵓⵖ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵓⵃⵜ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵖ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵢⵉⴹⵚ.

ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⴳⵎⵔ ⵓⵔⴱⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴼⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵄⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵏⵉⵜ, ⵉⴼⴼⵔⵜⵜⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵔⵡⵍ ⴰⵙ, ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵥⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ‘’ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴼⴼⴰⵖ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵖ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ.

ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼ

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ 1958-1959 ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⵎ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ, ‘’ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵍⵃⴰⵏⴰⴼⵉ ⴰⴱⴰⴽⴰⵔⵉⵎ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵔⴼⵉ’’ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼ, ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⴱⴰⴽⴰⵍⵓⵕⵢⴰ, ⵙ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ, ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ, ⵢⴰⵎⵥ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵯⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵍⵜⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵓⴳⴰⴹⵓⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵜⵎⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ.

ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵉ ⵜⴳⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵙ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵎⵍⴰ, ⵍⴷⵉⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵣⵖ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ, ⵥⵕⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵍⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉ. ‘’ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴳ ⴼⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ (…) ⴰⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1977, ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵙⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵍⵓⵃⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⵉ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙⵙⵏⵥⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉⵜ’’.

ⵉⵍⴼⴼⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏⵉⵏ
ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ (ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ) ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⵙⴳ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ‘’ ⵉⵎⵟⵟⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵥⵏⵜ) ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏⵉⵏ 1983, (ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵃⴷⵉⵢⵏ) 1986, ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵉⴷⴰⵔ (ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ) 1987, ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵍⴽⵓⴼⵉ (ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵃⴷⵉⵢⵏ) 1987, ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵖⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵏ, 1988, ⵕⵓⵎⵢⵓ ⴷ ⵊⵓⵍⵢⵉⵜ (ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⴳⵣⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜⵏ, 1988.

ⵙⴳ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ: ‘’ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ’’ 1990, ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵍⴰ, 1994, ⵜⵉⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ: ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, 1995, ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ (ⴰⴽⴷ ⴰⴼⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵍⵅⴰⵟⵉⵕ ⴰⴱⵓ ⵍⵇⴰⵙⵎ, ⴷ ⴼⵓⴰⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⴱⵉⴱ) 1996.

ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎⴽⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵍⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⵙⴳ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷ:

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⵉⵎⵏⴹⴰⵡⵏ, 1996, ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, 1988.

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ, ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ: ‘’ⴰⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ’’.

ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ: ⵟⴰⵕⵉⵇ ⴱⵏ ⵣⵉⵢⵢⴰⴷ (ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ), ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴱⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⴷⵓⵏ, ⵜⵉⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ 20 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ.

ⵙⴳ ⵓⴹⴼⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵕⵓⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ, ⵉⴼⴰⵡ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ (ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ, ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ, ⴰⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ) ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ, ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⵎⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.

ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ

ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⴼ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵢⴰⵙⴱⵓⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴽⵔⴰⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴷ, ⵉⵏⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ 1994, ⵉⵏⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ 2007, ⵉⵏⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⴼ 2017.

ⵉⴳⴰ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴷⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1988, ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⴷⵓⵢ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 29 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1995. ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ, ⴷ ⵓⵃⵉⵢⵢⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴼⴰⵙⴽⴰ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵓⵔ ⵖⵓⵔⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵙ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ. ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⵓ ⴰⵎⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ.

ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵏⴳⵔⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵏⴰⵔⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1997, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴷⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⵏⴰ ⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ‘’ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ’’ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉ ‘’ ⵜⵉⵖⵖⵓⵍⴼⴰ’’ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜ.

ⴼⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⴷⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ, ⵙⵙⵓⵔⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⵍⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴱⴹⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ , ⵓⵢⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵔⵏⵓ ⵉ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴽ ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 2020, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙ, ⵉⵔⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵣⵖⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⵉⵏⵉ: ‘’ ⵡⵉⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵓ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵣⵄⴰⴼⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⵙⴼⵍⴷⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵏⵓ, ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵖ: ‘’ ⵖⵔⴰⵜ ⵉ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⴷⵓⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵜⵔⵎⵙⵎ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵓ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵕⵓⵛⴷ ⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵡⵃⴷⵉ ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵙⵙⵏⵖ, ⵙⴰⵔ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵔⵎⵙⵏ, ⵉⵀⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵓⵍⴰⴱⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵉⴳ ⵏⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ’’.

ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ

ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2005, ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕ ⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵎⵎⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵜⵓⵊⵊⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⵚⵕⴹ ⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2008, ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⴱⴰⵕⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴳⴷⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ.

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⴼ ⴷ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵙ ⵉⵏⴷⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⵣⵉⵣⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵏⴰⵥⴰⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵏⵓⵔⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰ. ‘’ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵖⵔⵏⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴽⵙⴰⵍⵜ’’ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵙⴼⵉⵡⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ’’.

ⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵜ: ⵚⴰⵕⴰ ⵚⴱⵕⵉ
ⵉⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵜ: ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵡⴰⵃⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵜⴱⴰⵖⴰ

— ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵣⴰⵎⴰⵏ —
— بورتريه داحماد الدغرني نشر في مجلة زمان —